\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u97f3\u9891\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6574\u7406\uff08\u6309\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u53e3\u8bed\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u672a\u5b8c\u6574\u8bed\u53e5\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u89c2\u5ff5\u63a2\u8ba8
Through this term, what would make the right ending.
So it has a sort of intellectual purpose to it.
But I will tell you, the students I had in that seminar did amazing things to push their choice of novel.
For one group, nominate Geoffrey Jennings.
Middlesex.
There was a huge art installation that I walked into on that day of class.
It covered the ceiling and the walls and the floors.
They had done original photography for it.
It was really spectacular.
There was a theatrical skit for Dave Egger’s How We Are Hungry.
There was campaign literature, pamphlets and so on.
So people were very creative with it and it was really lots of fun.
And for me, it’s fun because I may not know the novel that you end up picking, and so it is a kind of challenge for me to take a novel that you’ve chosen and come to grips with it myself.
It may be one that I know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, let me just say in a technical way, if you decide to volunteer to nominate a novel, you’ll get no extra credit.
It’ll do nothing for your grade, but you will get glory, whatever glory there is to be had at the front of this room.
Maybe that’s like miniscule, but maybe it’s gonna be fun for you, especially if you have a sort of theatrical bent or if you like getting up in front of people or if you’re just really passionate about a novel that you want everyone to read.
So that’s something that we will do and I will tell you more about at mid semester.
So that’s the piece of the syllabus that I can’t tell you about.
I don’t know what that dream we’re going to dream together is when we read that novel.
I don’t know what that’ll be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I want to just go over the requirements of the course that really are required, not the optional piece, just so that you understand what my purpose is pedagogically.
This course is very much open to English majors and to non-English majors.
It’s essentially a reading course.
That’s what I want you to take away from this is the knowledge of these novels.
I want you to read them.
I want you to think about them.
I want you to talk about them.
But I don’t expect you to become an English major in order to do that if you’re not already one.
However, if you do happen to be an English or a literature major or someone who’s just very serious about reading at that level, you will find plenty to chew on here.
Not all of the novels aspire to or have as their purpose that kind of difficulty that sometimes English majors really want.
They wanna have to work incredibly hard at the formal level.
Some of the novels have that, but not all of them.
The challenge for you is to figure out: what do we do with those novels?
What is the aim of a novel that isn’t all about formal innovation?
What are those novels doing?
Are they just\u2026 Is it just inappropriate to call them literature?
Should we think about them in a different way?
How should we integrate that kind of novel with novels that have more formal ambitions?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So paper length: there are two papers required and there’s a final exam.
The paper length is designed to be quite large. It’s 5 to 8-page papers.
Now, a 5-page paper is very different from an 8-page paper if you’re actually thinking about the words you choose and how you write it. If you just sort of scribble the night before until you’re done, maybe there’s not that much difference between a 5 and an 8-page paper except for editing.
But substantively, if you’re using every sentence in that paper to say something substantive, to move an argument along, then you can write a lot more in an 8-page paper.
That’s for those people who really want to push themselves and want to advance a really significant piece of thinking about a novel.
Now, I will also say that a 5-page paper written well can trump an 8-page paper written poorly any day of the week.
So you don’t have to write long papers, but what I’m saying is the room is there for you to stretch out if you want to do that.
The final exam: if you read, come to lecture, and attend section, the process of doing those three things will have allowed you to already have thought quite a bit about these novels. You should remember them. I think they’re quite memorable. They’re quite distinct from each other, and you should be able to manage with that final exam without undue difficulty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
I will say that the reading load is heavy. I’ve made some adjustments every year. I’m trying to deal with the fact that there are so many novels I love written between, say, 1985 and the present that are over 400 pages a piece. So what do you do with those on a syllabus? Well, I guess it’s the problem that people who teach the 18th-century novel always have or the Victorian novel like the triple-decker (the three-volume novel). At least I don’t have those. But what I’ve done is to excerpt some of the texts earlier in the term, and actually, there’s a slightly heavier reading before break than there used to be so that it’s a little bit lighter after break when we’re doing those long novels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
OK, last thing: this course, as you may have noticed from our friends behind us, is being filmed as part of the Yale Open Yale Courses Initiative. It is an initiative funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. This is one of eight courses being offered this year that are being videotaped. They will be made available free to the public via the internet. So this is a way of allowing the world to benefit from what we all do at Yale. That said, what we try to do \u2014 what I will try to do and what I hope you will try to do \u2014 is to forget about them. It’s sometimes hard for me, but I trust that you will be able to do that. So forget about that. The point is not to cater to that camera, but to do what we do and to show the world what it is that we do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, I like to ask questions in lecture. I really am just not a fan of the sort of zone-out model of lecture audition. So I will ask you questions. The only annoying thing I will have to do is to repeat your answers. So I hope you will not object to that because you don’t have microphones on you, and it’s very cumbersome to get them back to you. So we’re not gonna mike you so that your answers can be heard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
All right. Any questions so far about what I’ve said?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now I want to talk about the handout. Those of you who don’t have it, there are a couple more up front here. There should be the rest of the stack over here. Oh, no, these are my notes. Are we out? Yeah, a couple more. And if you don’t have one, you can share. What I have here for us to look at together today are two little texts. I’m going to read parts of them to you. And together, I think they give you the sort of snapshot I want you to have of where literature stands, where reading stands at the beginning, at the middle of the 20th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The first one is an advertisement for the Random House edition of James Joyce’s Ulysses, and this appeared in the Saturday Review of Literature in 1934. So I’m going to read just parts, and I’m going to skip around a little bit and stop and start.
How to enjoy James Joyce’s great novel Ulysses, for those who are already engrossed in the reading of Ulysses, as well as for those who hesitate to begin it because they fear that it is obscure. The publishers offer this simple clue as to what the critical fuss is all about. Ulysses is no harder to understand than any other great classic. It is essentially a story and can be enjoyed as such. Do not let the critics confuse you. Ulysses is not difficult to read, and it richly rewards each reader in wisdom and pleasure. So thrilling an adventure into the soul and mind and heart of man has never before been charted. This is your opportunity to begin the exploration of one of the greatest novels of our time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
What I want you to notice, first of all, is the kind of reader that’s being invoked here for that modernist classic Ulysses: it is not the critic. Now, if you read down, if you sort of skim down, you’ll see that kind of language applied to critics. They seem fretful. They seem interested in obscure knowledge. That’s how this advertisement represents critics, even though it also invokes critics to describe what’s powerful about the novel. So there’s a sort of two-faced representation of the critic. But the important one, I think, is that dismissal of the critic. The point of this advertisement is to make you feel like you don’t have to know what the critic knows in order to read this novel. What you need is something like strength or bravery. Listen to that language: For those who are already engrossed in the reading of Ulysses, as well as for those who hesitate to begin it. The people already engrossed are the strong ones. And you can be that. This advertisement wants to say, you can be the strong reader. That hesitation, those who hesitate to begin it, it’s a kind of feminized, mincing approach to the novel. It’s sort of like those fussy critics. So this advertisement tells you that the great classic of modernism is something you stride into like a man. But you don’t have to be a particularly extraordinary man to do so. This monumental novel about 20 hours in the life of an average man can be read and appreciated like any other great novel once its framework and form are visualized. Just as we can enjoy Hamlet without solving all the problems which agitate the critics and scholars. There’s that agitation that I was talking about, the average man. This advertisement wants you to see Ulysses as a story about a man you can identify with, so you don’t have to be a critic. You have to be strong. But you know what? You can be the average man, because this is a story about the average man, with a plot furnished by Homer, against a setting by Dante, and with characters motivated by Shakespeare. Ulysses is really not as difficult to comprehend as critics like to pretend. This is like saying “dress by Prada, shoes by Ferragamo.” It’s as if there are brands \u2014 Dante, Shakespeare, Homer \u2014 that are identifiable. They’re familiar. And what’s more, they carry with it that sense of cultural capital. Well, what do I mean by cultural capital? It’s that knowledge that makes you one of the elite of your world. It’s also that knowledge that an educated, sort of belligerent reader of the Saturday Review of Literature would be very familiar with. So in a sense, it tells you this work of art is of a piece with what you already know. It’s familiar in those ways, and you shouldn’t be afraid of it. At the same time, it’s part and parcel of that elite body of knowledge. So again, there’s this kind of two-facedness to the advertisement. It’s both every man and the elite who will best read this book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now, I want to contrast that with what we see from Nabokov in this essay, Good Readers and Good Writers. This is from 1950. Now, the part of the essay just prior to this explains that he gave this little quiz that you see to some college students when he was giving a lecture. So this is what he asked them to do: Select four answers to the question, “What should a reader be to be a good reader?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
And Nabokov says the students leaned heavily on emotional identification, action, and the social, economic, and historical angle. Of course, as you have guessed, the good reader is the one who has imagination, memory, a dictionary, and some artistic sense, which sense I propose to develop in myself and others whenever I have the chance. There are at least two varieties of imagination in the reader’s case. So let us see which of the two is the right one to use in reading a book. First, there is the comparatively lowly kind, which turns for support to the simple emotions and is of a definitely personal nature. A situation in a book is intensely felt because it reminds us of something that happened to us or to someone we know or knew. Or the reader treasures a book mainly because it evokes a country, a landscape, a mode of living which he nostalgically recalls as part of his own past. Or, and this is the worst thing a reader can do, he identifies himself with a character in the book. This lowly variety is not the kind of imagination I would like readers to use. What a crime. How many of you are guilty of this kind of reading ever? OK. Nabokov be gone. But he wants to get at something here. And I think it’s helpful to put it next to that advertisement for Ulysses. He wants you to think about reading on his terms, very much informed by a modernist sensibility of what literature is all about. I’m going to say more about what that is when I lecture on Lolita, but it’s very much in contrast with that Ulysses ad. Don’t identify. It’s not about you. It’s about something else. But what is it about? So what is the authentic instrument to be used by the reader? Is it impersonal imagination and artistic delight? What should be established, I think, is an artistic, harmonious balance between the reader’s mind and the author’s mind. We ought to remain a little aloof and take pleasure in this aloofness, while at the same time we keenly enjoy, with tears and shivers, the inner weave of a given masterpiece. To be quite objective in this matter is, of course, impossible. Everything that is worthwhile is to some extent subjective. For instance, you sitting there may be merely my dream, and I may be your nightmare. Some of you might think that after Lolita, but what I mean is that the reader must know when and where to contribute his imagination, and this he does by trying to get clear the specific world the author places at his disposal. There’s a balance of power between the writer and the reader in this little vignette. The power really, I think, finally resides with the writer. It is the writer whose world the reader is here asked to get clear. You are asked to use your imagination to enter a world made by the writer, a world of imagination. And so it’s the writer who directs you in that way. You are not asked to imagine a place you knew, something from your history, something from your knowledge of yourself. It is not about finding the average man, which you are also in the novel. They’re staring back at you. It’s about finding some other dream world. Maybe it’s a nightmare world. So for Nabokov, he wants to imagine a kind of literary encounter that’s very much separate from those other things he talks about: other media, the movies, having seen the book in the movie, from the life that\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u522b\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u633a\u7fa1\u6155\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u53e3\u8bed\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\uff08\u5982\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u65ad\u53e5\u3001\u8bed\u6c14\u8bcd\uff09\u53ca\u672a\u5b8c\u6574\u8bed\u53e5\uff08\u5982\u201c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6de1\u5b9a\u795e\u66f2\u6211\u6ca1\u770b\u5b8c\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u53e3\u8bef\u6216\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u659c\u4f53\u4e66\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u539f\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u540d\uff08\u5982Ulysses\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u3001Lolita\u300a\u6d1b\u4e3d\u5854\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u90e8\u5206\u903b\u8f91\u8854\u63a5\u8bed\uff08\u5982\u201cOK\u201d\u201cAll right\u201d\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u8bfe\u5802\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u97f3\u9891\u6587\u7a3f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u89c2\u5ff5\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0820250427_083420.m4a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u97f3\u9891\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u53e3\u8bed\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u5e76\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u6587\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a \u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba1\uff1a \u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u89c2\u5ff5\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u624d\u7b97\u5706\u6ee1\u7ed3\u675f\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6027\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u53c2\u52a0\u7814\u8ba8\u8bfe\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5728\u63a8\u8350\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u5b66\u751f\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u8a79\u5b81\u65af\u7684\u300a\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u585e\u514b\u65af\u300b\u3002\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u8d70\u8fdb\u6559\u5ba4\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u827a\u672f\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b83\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u3001\u5899\u58c1\u548c\u5730\u677f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e3a\u5176\u62cd\u6444\u4e86\u539f\u521b\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u58ee\u89c2\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e3a\u6234\u592b\u00b7\u57c3\u683c\u65af\u7684\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u9965\u997f\u300b\u7f16\u6392\u4e86\u620f\u5267\u5c0f\u54c1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u7ade\u9009\u5ba3\u4f20\u518c\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e50\u8da3\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u9009\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5bf9\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002 \u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u89c4\u5219\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u613f\u63a8\u8350\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u989d\u5916\u5b66\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u7ee9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4f1a\u6536\u83b7\u201c\u8363\u8000\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u5ba4\u524d\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u8363\u8000\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u8868\u6f14\u5929\u8d4b\u3001\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u4f17\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u60c5\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u5171\u8bfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5b89\u6392\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u671f\u4e2d\u65f6\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u8bfb\u67d0\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u7f16\u7ec7\u51fa\u600e\u6837\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u60f3\u660e\u786e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u975e\u53ef\u9009\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u6211\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u5bf9\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u5747\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u9605\u8bfb\u8bfe\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfe\u7a0b\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u2014\u2014\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u4e13\u4e1a\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u6216\u6587\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5bf9\u6df1\u5ea6\u9605\u8bfb\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u8db3\u591f\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u8bf4\u90fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c42\u9762\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u82e6\u529f\u94bb\u7814\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff1f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5f62\u5f0f\u521b\u65b0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u5b9c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u201d\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5f85\u5b83\u4eec\uff1f\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e0e\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ed3\u5408\u7406\u89e3\uff1f \u4f5c\u4e1a\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u9700\u5b8c\u6210\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e00\u573a\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u7bc7\u5e45\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a5-8\u9875\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u771f\u63a8\u6572\u7528\u8bcd\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c5\u9875\u7eb8\u4e0e8\u9875\u7eb8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u622a\u6b62\u524d\u591c\u8349\u8349\u5199\u5b8c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5b57\u6570\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u6da6\u8272\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u82e5\u6bcf\u53e5\u8bdd\u90fd\u7d27\u6263\u8bba\u70b9\u3001\u63a8\u8fdb\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c8\u9875\u7eb8\u80fd\u627f\u8f7d\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5e0c\u671b\u6311\u6218\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ed3\u6784\u7cbe\u5de7\u76845\u9875\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8fdc\u6bd4\u4e00\u7bc7\u6f66\u8349\u76848\u9875\u8bba\u6587\u66f4\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b57\u6570\u5e76\u975e\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u4f60\u613f\u610f\u6df1\u5165\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u671f\u672b\u8003\u8bd5\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u53c2\u52a0\u8bb2\u5ea7\u548c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6709\u5145\u5206\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u5404\u5177\u7279\u8272\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u8003\u8bd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u56f0\u96be\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u6211\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u4f1a\u8c03\u6574\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u70ed\u7231\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5927\u591a\u521b\u4f5c\u4e8e1985\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5355\u672c\u7bc7\u5e45\u8d85\u8fc7400\u9875\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u5408\u7406\u5b89\u6392\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1f\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u6559\u638818\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u4e09\u5377\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u96be\u9898\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u4e0d\u7528\u5904\u7406\u4e09\u5377\u672c\u3002\u6211\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u5b66\u671f\u521d\u5b89\u6392\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u672c\u9009\u8bfb\uff0c\u5047\u671f\u524d\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u7565\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5047\u671f\u540e\u5b66\u4e60\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u65f6\u538b\u529b\u51cf\u8f7b\u3002 \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u4f60\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u62cd\u6444\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u8036\u9c81\u516c\u5f00\u8bfe\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7531\u5a01\u5ec9\u548c\u5f17\u6d1b\u62c9\u00b7\u4f11\u5229\u7279\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u5171\u6709\u516b\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f55\u50cf\u5e76\u514d\u8d39\u516c\u5f00\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8ba9\u5168\u7403\u89c2\u4f17\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u8036\u9c81\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u5fd8\u8bb0\u955c\u5934\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u8fce\u5408\u955c\u5934\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6559\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5c55\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 \u6211\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u542c\u8bb2\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f60\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4f69\u6234\u9ea6\u514b\u98ce\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8981\u4ecb\u610f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u58f0\u97f3\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5417\uff1f \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u60f3\u8c08\u8c08\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6ca1\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4efd\u3002\u54e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u53d1\u5b8c\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u5269\u4f59\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5171\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u8981\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e24\u4efd\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u6717\u8bfb\u5176\u4e2d\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e320\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u662f\u5170\u767b\u4e66\u5c4b1934\u5e74\u7248\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u4e8e\u300a\u661f\u671f\u516d\u6587\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u8282\u9009\u6717\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u6216\u505c\u987f\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u4eab\u53d7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\uff1a\u81f4\u5df2\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u754f\u60e7\u5176\u6666\u6da9\u800c\u8fdf\u8fdf\u672a\u7ffb\u5f00\u4e66\u9875\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u5728\u6b64\u63ed\u6653\u8bc4\u8bba\u754c\u70ed\u8bae\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5178\u66f4\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u5355\u7eaf\u4eab\u53d7\u6545\u4e8b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u522b\u8ba9\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u8bef\u5bfc\u4f60\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u4e0d\u96be\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u8bfb\u8005\u667a\u6167\u4e0e\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u9988\u8d60\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9707\u64bc\u5fc3\u7075\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5192\u9669\u4e4b\u65c5\uff0c\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5951\u673a\u3002 \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\u5851\u9020\u7684\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u8bfb\u8005\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0d\u662f\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u3002\u82e5\u901a\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5e7f\u544a\u5bf9\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e26\u6709\u8d2c\u4e49\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u6666\u6da9\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e7f\u544a\u4e5f\u501f\u7528\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u51f8\u663e\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5bf9\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u5176\u610f\u56fe\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u50cf\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u90a3\u6837\u535a\u5b66\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u52c7\u6c14\u201d\u5373\u53ef\u9605\u8bfb\u6b64\u4e66\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5e7f\u544a\u7528\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u81f4\u5df2\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8005\u662f\u201c\u5f3a\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u6697\u793a\u4e3a\u201c\u602f\u61e6\u201d\u201c\u6311\u5254\u201d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u5178\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u8005\u4ee5\u201c\u7537\u5b50\u6c49\u201d\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u4e14\u65e0\u9700\u5929\u8d4b\u5f02\u7980\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u201d20\u5c0f\u65f6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5de8\u8457\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u50cf\u6b23\u8d4f\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5178\u4e00\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u89e3\u51b3\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5b66\u8005\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b23\u8d4f\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u300b\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u201d\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u9e23\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6210\u4e3a\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u201c\u5f3a\u5927\u201d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u5f3a\u5927\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3b\u89d2\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u60c5\u8282\u6e90\u81ea\u8377\u9a6c\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u6e90\u81ea\u4f46\u4e01\uff0c\u4eba\u7269\u52a8\u673a\u6e90\u81ea\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3002\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u96be\u61c2\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u70ab\u8000\u201c\u666e\u62c9\u8fbe\u7684\u65f6\u88c5\uff0c\u83f2\u62c9\u683c\u6155\u7684\u76ae\u978b\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u4e01\u3001\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u8377\u9a6c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5982\u540c\u6587\u5316\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u65e2\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\uff0c\u53c8\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u201c\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u201d\uff08\u5373\u8dfb\u8eab\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6807\u8bc6\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u661f\u671f\u516d\u6587\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u201c\u535a\u5b66\u8bfb\u8005\u201d\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u5e7f\u544a\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f20\u8fbe\uff1a\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0e\u4f60\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7ecf\u5178\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u754f\u60e7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7cbe\u82f1\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b1950\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u597d\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0e\u597d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u300b\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b\u5728\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4e2d\u5411\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u6210\u4e3a\u597d\u8bfb\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u8d28\uff1f\u201d\u8bf7\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u56db\u9879\uff1a – \u52a0\u5165\u8bfb\u4e66\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 – \u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee3\u5165\u7537\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2 – \u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89d2\u5ea6 – \u504f\u597d\u6709\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b – \u770b\u8fc7\u6539\u7f16\u7535\u5f71 – \u7acb\u5fd7\u6210\u4e3a\u4f5c\u5bb6 – \u5177\u5907\u60f3\u8c61\u529b – \u5177\u5907\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b – \u62e5\u6709\u5b57\u5178 – \u5177\u5907\u827a\u672f\u611f\u77e5\u529b \u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u4ee3\u5165\u201d\u201c\u60c5\u8282\u52a8\u4f5c\u201d\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u89d2\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u827a\u672f\u611f\u77e5\u529b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u53ca\u8bfb\u8005\u7740\u529b\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u5c42\u6b21\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u611f\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u56e0\u4e66\u4e2d\u60c5\u8282\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5524\u8d77\u5bf9\u6545\u4e61\u3001\u98ce\u666f\u3001\u8fc7\u5f80\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6000\u5ff5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4ee3\u5165\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u7684\u5927\u5fcc\u201d\u3002\u8bd5\u95ee\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u9605\u8bfb\uff1f\u800c\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u827a\u672f\u611f\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u8bfb\u8005\u9700\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u95f4\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u8c10\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u6770\u4f5c\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u758f\u79bb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5171\u9e23\u201d\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6109\u60a6\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u5ba2\u89c2\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u7684\u68a6\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5669\u68a6\u2014\u2014\u8bfb\u8fc7\u300a\u6d1b\u4e3d\u5854\u300b\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6709\u6b64\u611f\uff09\u3002\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u9700\u660e\u786e\u4f55\u65f6\u4f55\u5730\u8c03\u52a8\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4f5c\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6743\u6700\u7ec8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u2014\u2014\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u7528\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u8fdb\u5165\u4f5c\u8005\u521b\u9020\u7684\u865a\u6784\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6295\u5c04\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u6216\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u300a\u5c24\u5229\u897f\u65af\u300b\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u7eb3\u535a\u79d1\u592b\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u4ee3\u5165\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u6295\u8eab\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u68a6\u5883\uff08\u6216\u5669\u68a6\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8bb2\u89e3\u300a\u6d1b\u4e3d\u5854\u300b\u65f6\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c55\u5f00\u3002 \u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba2\uff1a \u522b\u63d0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u633a\u7fa1\u6155\u4f60\u3002 \u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a 1.\u00a0\u4fdd\u7559\u8bfe\u5802\u53e3\u8bed\u7279\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u8bbe\u95ee\u3001\u8bed\u6c14\u8bcd\u201c\u54e6\u201d\u201c\u5462\u201d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u6559\u5b66\u573a\u666f\u3002 2.\u00a0\u4e66\u540d\u91c7\u7528\u901a\u7528\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff08\u5982Middlesex\u300a\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u585e\u514b\u65af\u300b\u3001How We Are Hungry\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u9965\u997f\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u54c1\u540d\u4fdd\u7559\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u540d\uff08\u5982Lolita\u300a\u6d1b\u4e3d\u5854\u300b\uff09\u3002 3.\u00a0\u201ccultural capital\u201d\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7b26\u53f7\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u5883\u3002 4.\u00a0\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba2\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u56de\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u97f3\u9891\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6574\u7406\uff08\u6309\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u53e3\u8bed\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u672a\u5b8c\u6574\u8bed\u53e5\uff09\uff1a \u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba1\uff1a \u6587\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u89c2… Continue reading <\/span>